Electric bicycles, commonly known as “e-bikes,” are a common sight in Colorado’s cities. With their rising popularity, it’s crucial for riders to understand the applicable laws, including what counts as an e-bike, where you can legally ride one, and what other rules you need to follow.
What Is Classified as an E-Bike?
Colorado law classifies e-bikes into three distinct classes based on motor operation and speed:
- Class 1: Pedal-assisted only. Here, the motor engages only while pedaling and cuts off at 20 mph.
- Class 2: Throttle-assisted, where the motor can propel without pedaling (up to 20 mph).
- Class 3: Pedal-assisted only; the motor cuts off at 28 mph, and a speedometer is legally required.
Manufacturers are required to label e-bikes by class, and local jurisdictions may set additional rules for certain paths and trails.
Can E-Bikes Drive on the Road?
All three classes of e-bikes are generally allowed on Colorado roads and bike lanes. E-bike riders must follow the same traffic rules as conventional cyclists. Bicyclists must ride in the same direction as traffic, signal before turning, and yield at the relevant places.
Are E-Bikes Allowed on Sidewalks?
In most areas of Colorado, riding e-bikes on sidewalks is prohibited unless signage or local ordinances specifically allow it.
Parking an e-bike on a sidewalk is generally permitted as long as it does not block pedestrian movement. Some municipalities have exceptions that allow certain classes of e-bikes on paved pathways, but riders should always check local regulations to make sure.
E-Bike Laws in Colorado
What Other Laws Apply to E-Bikes?
Beyond road usage and classification, several other important rules apply:
- Riders under 16 may not operate a Class 3 e-bike unless riding as a passenger on a properly fitted seat.
- Helmets are required for riders and passengers under 18 on Class 3 e-bikes and recommended for all riders regardless of age or class.
- E-bikes are considered vehicles under Colorado’s DUI statutes. Riding with a blood alcohol concentration of 0.08% or higher can result in DUI charges, fines, and other penalties.
Local counties and cities may also have unique rules. For example, some counties permit e-bikes on paved trails but ban them on singletrack mountain bike routes. Likewise, certain cities allow Class 1 and 2 e-bikes on most bike paths but restrict Class 3.
Do E-Bikes Need Insurance in Colorado?
In Colorado, e-bikes are not classified as motor vehicles, which means they are not subject to the same registration, licensing, or insurance requirements that apply to automobiles. Cyclists are not legally required to carry liability insurance for an e-bike.
However, if a rider causes an accident and injures someone while riding an e-bike, they could be personally liable for the resulting damages. Some homeowners, renters, or umbrella liability insurance policies may provide coverage for e-bike incidents, but many exclude such vehicles. Riders may need to purchase a specialized e-bike or bicycle insurance policy to cover theft, damage, and liability.
Alternatively, if a motor vehicle driver causes an accident with an e-bike rider, it is important to get in touch with an experienced Centennial bicycle accident attorney who can guide you through the legal process, protect your rights, and help you recover the compensation you deserve.
Upcoming Legislation Regarding E-Bikes
Starting in 2027, Colorado will have new standards for e-bikes with multiple operating modes. Colorado’s HB 25-1197 creates new consumer safety and disclosure requirements for the sale of e-bikes. It requires manufacturers and sellers to clearly label each e-bike with its class, top assisted speed, motor wattage, and passenger capacity. For multi-mode models, manufacturers must specify each class in which it can operate.
Sellers must also provide buyers with written safety information, including details on classifications, operating techniques, and battery safety. The law prohibits misrepresenting non-qualifying vehicles as e-bikes and mandates that all e-bike batteries meet accredited safety certification standards.
E-Bikes Going Forward
E-bikes are reshaping how Coloradans commute and explore the Centennial States, but riders should understand the laws that apply before taking their e-bike on the road. Newly passed legislation will continue to refine the rules and make e-bikes safer across Colorado.